6. Controlling Devices
1. What is processing (p. 259)
Processing changes data into another form that humans may use as information. Robots require considerable processing power. The two processors available are the CPU and the co-processor chips2. Provide an overview of the CPU's function. Include an overview of the microprocessor and the co-processor (p. 259).
The CPU is the part of the computer than performs the processing and controlled functions. In a microcomputer, the cpu is usually on one chip. Microprocessor refers to any system using a single silicon chip. There are a wide range of such devices today including camera, digital watches and monitoring devices such as security systems, as well as robots and personal computers.
The CPU is the part of the computer than performs the processing and controlled functions. In a microcomputer, the cpu is usually on one chip. Microprocessor refers to any system using a single silicon chip. There are a wide range of such devices today including camera, digital watches and monitoring devices such as security systems, as well as robots and personal computers.
2. There are 5 key componets of the CPU. Please describe them below (see p. 260, Table 8.6)
1) Register; An electronic circuit capable of temporarily storing digits; stores the next instruction, temporary results, memory addresses and data to be processed.
2) Arithmetic logic unit; a collection of electronic circuits used to perform arithmetic and logical functions; Arithmetic fuctions (+,-,/,*). logic AND, OR, NOT. Compares numbers so the program can make decisions.
3) System clock; An accurate, very fast electronic timer; Synchronisation transfers data at a particular clock pulse. The faster the system, the more instructions per second can be executed by the CPU.
4) Control unit; controls all the operations in the CPU; Sends data along the correct buses and controls the fetch-execute cycle.
5) Buses; wires or metallic strips etched into circuit boards along which signals are transferred from one component to the other; Each bus line has a set number of paths along which bits travel equivalent to the number of bits in the computer's wordlength. The wider the bus the quicker data can be transferred fron one location to another.
1) Register; An electronic circuit capable of temporarily storing digits; stores the next instruction, temporary results, memory addresses and data to be processed.
2) Arithmetic logic unit; a collection of electronic circuits used to perform arithmetic and logical functions; Arithmetic fuctions (+,-,/,*). logic AND, OR, NOT. Compares numbers so the program can make decisions.
3) System clock; An accurate, very fast electronic timer; Synchronisation transfers data at a particular clock pulse. The faster the system, the more instructions per second can be executed by the CPU.
4) Control unit; controls all the operations in the CPU; Sends data along the correct buses and controls the fetch-execute cycle.
5) Buses; wires or metallic strips etched into circuit boards along which signals are transferred from one component to the other; Each bus line has a set number of paths along which bits travel equivalent to the number of bits in the computer's wordlength. The wider the bus the quicker data can be transferred fron one location to another.
3. Include a picture of the CPU's components below. There is a diagram on p. 259 (Fig. 8.25) that you can use, or you can use a similar diagram that follows.
2. Software is used to control robots. Identify 3 types of software that is used to control robots and give an overview of the software. Lego NXT can be one example, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego_Mindstorms_NXT
1) NXT mindstorms
3) iphone; to control AR Drone
3. Provide an overview of a PLC
A PLC is a programmable logic controller, and can be used by humans to control robots or actuators that can communicate with a computer with a PLC on it.
4. Give 3 examples of where PLC's can be used.
Car factory, to control robots
NXT mindstorms, to load information onto
Computers, code that can be used in computers.
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